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In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) which contains only one immediately subordinate taxon.〔Mayr E, Ashlock PD. (1991): ''Principles of Systematic Zoology'' (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-041144-1〕 Although the phrase appears to indicate that a taxon has a single type specimen (with no syntypes, lectotypes, or other types) and no heterotypic/junior synonyms, that is not the usage. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus also refers to a special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described.〔 articles 38.5 and 38.6〕 ==Examples == Just as the term "monotypic" is used to describe a large taxon including only one subdivision, one can also refer to the contained taxon as monotypic within the larger taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are listed below. * The family Cephalotaceae includes only one genus, ''Cephalotus'', and only one species, ''Cephalotus follicularis'' – the Albany pitcher plant. * The aardvark (''Orycteropus afer'') is monotypic within the genus ''Orycteropus'', which is monotypic within the family Orycteropodidae, which is itself monotypic within the order Tubulidentata. * The hyacinth macaw (''Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus'') is a monotypic species; no subspecies have been distinguished within the species. * The bearded reedling (''Panurus biarmicus'') has a few subspecies across its range, but belongs to the genus ''Panurus'' which current knowledge considers monotypic (the only genus) within the family Panuridae. * The Cream-spotted cardinalfish (''Ozichthys albimaculosus''), found in tropical Australia and southern New Guinea, is the type species of the monotypic genus Ozichthys.〔Fraser, T.H. (2014): A new genus of cardinalfish from tropical Australia and southern New Guinea (Percomorpha: Apogonidae). ''Zootaxa 3852 (2): 283–293''. 〕 In Botany, ''monotypic'' is more used than ''monospecific'' with the same meaning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monotypic taxon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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